 OPTICAL DEVICES FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLAZING.
专利摘要:
The invention relates to an optical device (1000) for calibrating a first polariscope and a set of first photodetectors with an optical delay generator. 公开号:FR3067111A1 申请号:FR1754799 申请日:2017-05-31 公开日:2018-12-07 发明作者:Romain Decourcelle；Olivier DUMOULIN；Theo Rybarczyk 申请人:Saint Gobain Glass France SAS；Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA； IPC主号:
专利说明:
® OPTICAL DEVICES FOR THE QUALITY ANALYSIS OF A GLAZING. (® The invention relates to an optical device (1000) for calibrating a first polariscope and a set of first photodetectors with an optical delay generator. FR 3 067 111 - A1 -1 OPTICAL DEVICES FOR THE QUALITY ANALYSIS OF A GLAZING The present invention relates to the field of the quality analysis of glazing, in particular of the toughening marks or heating heterogeneities of a toughened or semi-toughened glazing (in other words hardened). In known manner, tempered glass with constraints is optically anisotropic. It develops birefringence properties. These properties are used to analyze the quench marks in patent WO 2011/157815. To proceed with the analysis of the toughening marks, the glazing is passed into an assembly for measuring the presence of birefringence resulting from the toughening. The base of this set consists of a photoelasticimetry or polariscope measurement device which includes: - upstream of the glazing a light source, a first rectilinear polarizer, a first delay plate, - downstream of the glazing, a second delay plate, an analyzer (second rectilinear polarizer) then a photodetector. This generates an image of the intensity and distribution of the marks located on the glazing. The image of the brands present is then analyzed according to pre-established criteria to correspond to the perception of the appearance of these brands by an observer. A statistical evaluation was carried out with a group of experts to whom a series of tempered glazing is subjected. This analysis lacks reliability in the sense that the image analyzed will depend on the optical system used. An object of the invention is to provide an analysis of the quality of toughened and even semi-toughened glazing independent of the material used. To this end, the invention firstly relates to an optical device comprising a first polariscope, preferably vertically, comprising in this order, in optical alignment with an optical axis (preferably vertical axis Z or horizontal axis): - a first light source (visible), preferably polychromatic, with a given spectrum, in particular white, delivering a light beam -whose light is emitted preferentially in the direction given by the optical axis-, in particular a plurality inorganic light-emitting diodes (called LEDs) or even one or more organic light-emitting diode (s) (called OLED), the first light source orthogonal to the optical axis, a first circular polarizer (or quasi circular) in a first direction of rotation - left or right -, in particular comprising a first linear polarizer in particular with a first axis of polarization X1- and a first quarter wave plate - in particular with a first fast axis and a first slow axis with an angle A1 of 45 ° relative to the first axis of polarization X1-, - a first analyzer which is a circular (or quasi-circular) polarizer in a second direction of rotation of the polarization opposite to the first direction of rotation respectively or right or left -, in particular first analyzer comprising a second quarter-wave plate in particular with a second fast axis and a second slow axis (at an angle A2 equal to A1 in absolute value) followed by a second linear polarizer in particular with a second axis of polarization Y1 perpendicular to the optical axis and to the first axis of polarization X1 (therefore first and second crossed polarizers), in particular the second slow axis is aligned with the first fast axis and the second fast axis is aligned with the first slow axis. The optical device according to the invention further comprises downstream of the first analyzer and according to said optical alignment: - a first digital sensor, orthogonal to the optical axis, - a first objective orthogonal to the optical axis and defining a focal plane, facing the first digital sensor and between the first analyzer and the first digital sensor, in particular fixed to or against the first digital sensor. And the optical device according to the invention comprises, between the first polarizer and the first analyzer, and according to said optical alignment, a first calibrated optical delay generator, orthogonal to the optical axis, in particular a Babinet compensator, in a range AB with the value A (preferably an integer) in a range from Onm to 100nm, preferably A being equal to Onm, and with the difference BA of at least 100nm or even at least 200nm and even at most 2000nm, or even at most 800nm or at most 500nm or at most 300nm and preferably the first optical delay generator being in said focal plane. The first digital sensor comprises a set of first sensitive photodetectors in the spectrum of the first light source, having a given spectral response. One or (preferably) of the first so-called calibration photodetectors are opposite (the calibration surface, in particular the opening) of the first optical delay generator. Each first calibration photodetector receives successively, for each of said optical delays in said range AB, light energy coming from the light beam leaving the first analyzer, the first digital sensor then generating digital images called calibration for said optical delays in said range AB , each digital image of - 3 calibration being formed of one or more pixels with one or more reference channels Ck representative of the spectral response of the first calibration photodetector (s). The optical device according to the invention finally comprises a first unit for processing digital calibration images forming a calibration base containing for each optical delay in the range AB digital values Ik for each of the reference channels Ck, digital values Ik being representative light energies collected by the first calibration photodetector (s). It is thus possible to carry out the calibration of the first digital sensor and of the first polariscope according to the invention from the first calibrated optical delay generator, which has the following advantages: - objectivity because the measurement of each optical delay is independent of the choice of optical material used for the polariscope, - simplicity because it relies on readily available optical systems, - speed because the association of a delay with Ik values does not require complex calculation (numerical calculations, equations, use of photoelastometry laws etc), in particular it is just a question of extracting / collecting data numerical (Ik values for each delay) to form the calibration base, we can simply average the Ik if several calibration pixels. In particular, each calibration image can be reduced in size. In addition, a reasonable number of calibration images are collected so the processing time is quick. During this calibration, only a fraction of the light beam (homogeneous) can be useful (that passing through the opening, an area of the slide, the calibration surface, etc.). For example, a light strip (linear, rectangular, etc.) is formed which will serve (at least the central part) in its entirety thereafter during the quality analysis of the glazing. For example all the diodes - leds or oled (s) - are installed, a fraction (for example the majority) of the diodes is not used (they can be extinguished or lit indifferently) but will be useful thereafter during the quality analysis of glazing. We can avoid adding diodes after calibration (on both sides of the calibration surface, of the opening) because this can distort the calibration by changing the light environment and / or it adds a step. During the calibration, all the photodetectors used subsequently during the quality analysis of the glazing are preferably installed, a fraction (for example the majority) of the photodetectors are not used but will be used during the analysis -4quality of glazing. You can alternatively add photodetectors (on either side of the calibration surface, of the opening) after the calibration. It is the same concerning the choice of the size of the analyzer or the polarizer, we prefer to choose them of sufficient size for the subsequent quality analysis of the glazing). During the calibration, any photodetector which is illuminated by the light beam outside the delay zone is not used. It could be added during the quality analysis but for simplicity we prefer to install them all for calibration. The optical axis therefore passes through the center of the first objective, and in particular through the center of the calibration surface (of the aperture). Preferably, it passes through the center (the center line) of the first source. Advantageously, the first calibrated optical delay generator comprises an optical system made of birefringent material, chosen from: a) a set of flat blades with interchangeable calibrated static optical delays, optical delays in the range AB, each blade being successively inserted into the optical device, - or b) a calibrated optical system or compensator, preferably a Babinet Soleil compensator (or equivalent), comprising first and second wedge blades, made of birefringent material, the second blade being movable in translation relative to the first static blade . Calibration with such a birefringent optical system according to the invention is then very simple because it does not require a complex assembly where the optical delays would be generated by a mechanical assembly consisting for example of putting a glass sample under compression stresses (example of diametral compression) or traction. We also prefer this calibration with such a birefringent optical system according to the invention to a calibration which would require one or more reference lenses whose stress field must be known and whose retarding power is inferred thanks to the use of photoelastic laws . The optical device with such a birefringent optical system according to the invention is easily portable if necessary. Preferably the first optical delay generator, for example the birefringent optical system, in particular the compensator, is placed on and / or fixed (to be stable) to a fixed mounting support (stationary, static at the time of the calibration delay by delay) , preferably on a flat plate, for example fixed on a frame or a lateral upright, preferably horizontal if optical alignment is vertical. - 5 The first optical delay generator according to the invention can be defined by a calibration surface, centered on the optical axis, opposite a hole in the possible mounting support such as a flat plate. For example for a), plastic plates (preferably acrylic), in particular 2 mm thick, are used in turn, with a static optical delay. It is preferred that the light beam crosses the plate outside the edge area. The change of flat blade with static optical delay can be automated, for example with a turntable or mobile system in translation. The optical device with a compensator (from Babinet Soleil) calibrated according to the invention also makes it possible to obtain all the optical delays, over a custom range, without modifying (adding, exchanging optical elements) the optical device. Preferably, the first generator of optical delays is a compensator, in particular of Babinet Soleil, comprising opposite and spaced apart: a first triangular fixed corner blade, made of a first birefringent material (uniaxial, defined by a first optical axis) such as quartz or other crystals such as magnesium fluoride, and a second triangular corner blade, movable in translation relative to the first blade in a second birefringent material (uniaxial, defined by a second optical axis), such as quartz or other crystals such as magnesium fluoride preferably identical to the first birefringent material. The translation of the blade into a movable corner can be generated by motor or manually by forecourt (or other mechanical means), in particular micrometric. Even manually, it is possible to increment the optical delays in the range AB (in ascending order from A to B or decreasing from B to A) with a given pitch (marks on the screw etc). These first and second optical axes are orthogonal. By noting d1 and d2 respectively the local thickness of the first wedge blade and of the second one along the optical axis of the optical device, ne and no the ordinary and extraordinary indices of the birefringent material, δ the optical delay or difference of walking between two electromagnetic vibrations orthogonal to each other and parallel respectively to the optical axes of the two compensator blades corresponds to: (nO-ne) (d1-d2). The compensator according to the invention can be defined by an opening, centered on the optical axis. The aperture is fully illuminated by the first light source, the aperture being in said focal plane, of width 01 at most 30mm (diameter - 6 if circular opening or equivalent diameter). The opening being in the area of passage of light, passage area surrounded by shutter means, such as a cover or an opaque housing provided with the opening. One or more of the first photodetectors for calibration are next to the opening. Preferably, the change in optical delay is automated (controlled by computer), in particular: - the change of flat blade with static optical delay is automated, for example with a rotating or moving plate system, or the first generator of optical delays being a compensator, such as the motorized Babinet Soleil compensator, capable of automatically incrementing the optical delays in the range AB (in ascending order from A to B or decreasing from B to A). The motor (controlled by computer) is for example on a (first) mounting support such as a flat plate. The incrementation step PO is preferably at most lnm and even at most 0.5nm and at least 2nm, in particular between 15 and 25mm and even 0 and 25mm. You can choose variable steps, for example: - a smaller step, i.e. 0.5nm in the AB1 delay range from 0 to 200nm, - then a larger step, i.e. 1nm in the delay range of B1 from more than 200nm to 800nm. In particular, the first optical delay generator, such as the compensator in particular from Babinet Soleil, can be connected to a control interface (a computer) in communication with the first processing unit. Pixels are digital images carrying values representative of the light energy received by the photo-sensitive component (s) (all of the first photodetectors) of the first sensor (camera) forming receivers of the light beam having passed through the polariscope. Each first photodetector may include one photosensitive (elementary) surface per color (therefore per reference channel for the pixel), in particular three photosensitive (elementary) surfaces for one pixel with the channels R, G, B. Each first photodetector may alternatively include a photosensitive surface for all the colors (therefore all the reference channels for the pixel), in particular a photosensitive (elementary) surface for a pixel with the channels R, G B. The first processing unit establishes for each pixel used during the calibration the value Ik for each reference channel Ck, and this for each optical delay. The first processing unit establishes for each pixel the value Ik for each reference channel Ck, and this for each optical delay. Preferably there is no stray light. The light surface at the level of the first optical delay generator can be greater than the size of the calibration surface (of the opening) so that the light power passing through the calibration surface (the opening) is uniform, in particular light intensity, in cd, varying at most 5%. For a more precise calibration more generally, it is preferred that the light power at the level of the first optical delay generator, in particular the birinfringent optical system (static delay plate for example) is homogeneous. For calibration at a given delay, a single first calibration photodetector (and therefore a reference pixel) preferably centered on the optical axis may be sufficient to correctly generate the delay calibration base versus reference channels. In particular, we thus put aside the effects of perspectives, for example due to the use of a divergent light beam (angle of the rays when we move away from the optical axis), without collimation optics. With a compensator, only one first photodetector is opposite the opening and even in the center of the opening. For calibration at a given delay with a compensator, one can in particular choose to select a fraction of the first photodetectors illuminated from the first sensor and in the aperture. As the first calibration photodetectors, those representative of the center of the aperture can be used to avoid side effects. Then, we average over these representative calibration photodetectors, channel by channel, to have the values Ik for each optical delay. In particular, the opening of the compensator is circular, of diameter 01 or the opening of the compensator is of equivalent diameter 01, the center of the opening is inscribed in a central disc of diameter 01/2, the first so-called calibration photodetectors representative are entirely opposite said central disc. The first optical delay generator may have an input surface illuminated (in a homogeneous manner) by the light beam defining a calibration surface. This generates a (homogeneous) delay over the entire surface. The calibration surface can be (very) less than the analysis surface of the glass. For example, the calibration surface is (a disc) with a diameter of at most 30mmn in a range of 5mm to 25mm or a surface (rectangle, etc.) with an equivalent diameter of at most 30mm and even from 5mm to 25mm. For example, the analysis surface of the glass is at least 10 times or at least 100 greater than the calibration surface. - 8 In particular for the compensator, the calibration surface can be all or part of the surface of the opening (surface of a central disk of the opening for example) and be (very) smaller than the analysis surface glass. For example, the analysis surface of the glass is at least 10 times or at least 100 times the surface of the opening or even of the central disc of the opening. The elementary photosensitive surfaces of the first calibration photodetectors (and even of the others of said set of first photodetectors) are of width Wp and preferably of square shape. So Wp is <01 and even at 01/2. One can have a fraction of line of first representative photodetectors of calibration or a fraction of photodetectors of calibration distributed in matrix. The set of first photodetectors can be online or in matrix. The beam from the first light source is received on the first linear digital sensor, which extends linearly in a direction parallel to that of the initial light beam. The first photodetectors are therefore aligned in this direction. The intensity Ik for each reference channel in each pixel is given in digital values (digital unit Du in English). For 8-bit coding, the intensity varies from 0 to 255 (256 numeric values, ie 2 8 ). The coding can be according to at least three reference wavelengths for example the Red "R" centered on lambdal = 611.3 nm, the Green "G" centered on Iambda2 = 549.2 nm, and the Blue "B" centered on lambda 3 = 464.3nm (RGB in English). These are therefore three spectral bands, for example R ± 50nm; G ± 50nm B ± 50nm. The RGB channels which are readily available are therefore preferably chosen as reference channels. We therefore obtain for each delay, for a pixel in the aperture, an RGB triplet (a, b, c) or a, b and c are the Ik values per channel R, G B. The first processing unit is arranged upstream of the first digital sensor connected by links with or without wires to the first sensor, in particular remote from the conveyor and preferably connected to the first light source. The first processing unit may include a computer connected by links with or without wires to the first sensor (remote from the conveyor) and preferably to the first light source. The first processing unit controls the first sensor and even the first light source. It is possible to use a computer linked by connections with or without wires to the first sensor (remote from the conveyor) and preferably to the first light source. The first processing unit (a computer) interacts with the first digital sensor (drives and retrieves data) and even drives the first light source. -9The first digital sensor can be connected to an ethernet port on a computer (with a network card, etc.), notably with the "GigE" protocol. A computer can manage the first light source, notably switching on the ignition (for less fatigue of the equipment). The first processing unit (a computer) receives the data from the first digital sensor and controls the acquisition (exposure time, etc.), collects the data and stores it in the form of pixels. The first processing unit (a computer) controls: the automated transition from an optical delay to another optical delay, for example the movement of the automated compensator motor (of Babinet) or of a wheel (or other) with the blades fixed delay, analysis of data from the digital sensor, recording of the calibration result file, display of a man-machine interface. Preferably, the optical device comprises, between the first optical delay generator and the first linear sensor, upstream of the first analyzer, an optical delay plate calibrated with a delay ΑΌ chosen in the area or the value relationship Ik as a function of the delay optical is substantially linear for at least one of the reference channels Ck, in particular from 70 or 75 to 175 nm or 185 nm or from 350 or 375 nm to 425nm. It is possible to carry out a simultaneous calibration in two zones scanned by the light beam (or even more zones) of the first light source by multiplying the elements. We duplicate the necessary optical elements in particular we add at least (if we share the first polariscope): - a second generator of optical delays, preferably identical to the first - a set of second photodetectors, preferably identical and with their objectives. We choose to place the two calibration surfaces (the two openings for example of the compensators) of the two optical delay generators on the optical axis, in particular on the central line of the linear source. For example, they are equidistant from the center and / or spaced at least 50cm. In this case, the processing unit can process both calibrations simultaneously. It is also possible to carry out a successive calibration in two zones scanned by the light beam (or even more zones) of the first light source if the first optical delay generator moves. Preferably, especially for an online calibration, the optical device is vertical, with the vertical optical axis Z. -10Preferably, the optical axis is vertical Z and the first polariscope, the first digital sensor and the first optical delay generator are on a (industrial) heating and quenching line, possibly heating line, bending quenching, downstream of the quenching system (quenching box), especially in a cooling zone, without glazing running through the calibration zone and better when stopped (static). The line comprises a horizontal glazing conveyor along a (horizontal) Y conveying axis, the vertical optical axis Z is perpendicular to the Y axis, and optionally the line is curved bending, the first polariscope, the first digital sensor and the first optical delay generator are downstream from the bending system. The first mounting support of the first generator can be placed on the glass conveyor when stopped or independent of the conveyor - or at least of the moving part of the horizontal conveyor, generally rotating rollers alone or with a belt system or several adjacent conveyor belts. Two rollers are spaced enough to allow the beam from the first light source to pass. The conveyor comprises in particular two rollers spaced apart by an inter-roll space, for example at least the dimension of the calibration surface of the delay generator. Preferably the first light source is under the conveying zone, is between two rollers (entirely (or partly) and / or (partly) under two adjacent rollers of said rollers, possibly first light source on a spaced source support from the ground and fixed by uprights (metal, etc.) on either side of the conveyor (on either side of the lateral ends of the rollers), and the first digital sensor, preferably linear, is spaced is above the two rollers, conveyor area. The first optical delay generator can be fixed on a mounting support on the two rollers, support with a hole opposite the calibration surface (of said compensator opening). The rollers are for example made of steel. In a preferred configuration: the first light source is, on the ground side, under the two rollers, facing said inter-roller space, - the first circular polarizer is under the two rollers, fixed on the first source, - the first mounting support is above the two rollers, fixed to the ground, without vibrations, or on the stationary conveyor (without vibrations), - it - the first analyzer is in a filter holder and the first photodetector are above the two rollers. The optical device also works offline and for example in a horizontal optical alignment. The first light source can form a linear light strip in a given direction (for example perpendicular to the optical axis, and perpendicular to the conveying axis) and having a central emitting zone (strip) can be functional and one or better the lateral zones (bands) are masked, along said direction for example by one or more opaque lateral bands (masks, adhesive tapes). In particular, the first light source (on a source support) is spaced from the ground, fixed by a profile (metallic, etc.), for example on either side of the conveyor. The first linear polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate are for example glued together and brought to the first light source. They are for example at least functional in the central emitting area, fixed by one or more opaque lateral bands (adhesive tapes). The second quarter-wave plate and the second linear polarizer are for example glued together and attached to the first objective. The first linear polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate can also be laminated or bonded to a transparent support (for example a plastic like PMMA for poly (methyl methacrylate)) and without internal mechanical stress. You can choose two quarter wave blades at 550nm. You can choose a circular polarizer and a broadband analyzer between 400 and 700nm. The first light source can in particular be one or more rows of inorganic light-emitting diodes and / or the first digital sensor (for example a camera) can be linear, that is to say with the first photodetectors in a line possibly with a second digital sensor (for example a digital camera), with the second photodetectors in a line, identical adjacent in the so-called analysis length (in the direction of the light source). The first light source, in particular forming a linear (rectangular) light strip, in particular inorganic light-emitting diodes or one or more organic light-emitting diodes can be arranged for a field of view (ie solid angle at the level of the first photodetector) of at least 1m or even at least 2m. The first light source may be with a rectangular or square emitting strip (or any other shape) of width Wi, forming a rectangular or square light strip (of any other shape) of width W0 (greater than or equal to Wp) in the plane of the first generator (or of the horizontal conveyor). - 12 The first sensor (digital camera) can be linear with the first photodetectors in a line of width (size) Wp less than the width Wi, the width Wp and less than the size of the calibration surface (of the opening) . The line of first photodetectors (calibration) passes through the optical axis, the central line of the first light source, we get rid of edge effects in one direction. In a first preferred case, the first light source is able to illuminate the entire analysis length (along the direction of the rollers) which is all or part of the length (for example at least 70% or 80% of the length) of the rollers (perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor) - so as subsequently to illuminate the glazing as homogeneously as possible over the entire analysis length (along the direction of the rollers) -. In a second case, the optical device comprises a second light source (same spectrum, better identical) adjacent to the first source, so as subsequently to illuminate the glazing as homogeneously as possible over the entire analysis length ( along the direction of the rollers). The light beam of the light source (s) at least illuminates the actual (useful) length of glass conveying, possibly excluding the areas of the edges of the rollers. We choose the first light source, the working distance, the size of photodetectors, pixels, the number of photodetectors (especially for calibration), the conveying speed, depending on the size, distribution, and / or the frequency of faults (one type or several types of faults), and also as a function of the surface of the zone or zones to be inspected on the glazing (whole surface, central zone, series of disjoint reference zones: central and / or in the border ...). We also choose the range AB according to the type of faults The resolution (in mm / pixel) depends on the glazing to be inspected and the size typical of anisotropic areas. For example, the resolution is at least 2mm / pixel and better at least 1mm / pixel, for example for a linear digital sensor. We can choose for example an analysis length of 1m and at least 1000 photodetectors or 2000 photodetectors, an analysis length of 2m and at least 2000 photodetectors or 4000 photodetectors ... Naturally during the calibration the photodetectors outside the opening or openings are not used. The first digital sensor can be a digital camera. The optical device can in fact comprise a plurality of linear digital sensors (cameras), adjacent along the length of the conveyor rollers - 13 horizontal, each associated with a dedicated optical delay generator and a polariscope (common means or not). In an alternative embodiment to linear systems, preferred in the case of a glazing to be inspected static (stationary or offline) in particular in a calibration with horizontal alignment (horizontal optical axis) the first light source forms a disk-shaped light surface on the first generator and / or the first digital sensor is matrix, the first photodetectors are therefore in a matrix for example 1600 × 1200 photodetectors. In a configuration, in order to inspect a static glazing, the digital sensor is calibrated successively by digital sensor, the first sensor is linear or matrix, on a robotic arm moving after the first calibration (always static) along the length from the horizontal conveyor, by moving the first optical delay generator from the first calibration zone to the second calibration zone. In an embodiment for obtaining the desired field of vision, the optical device comprises first collimation means (telecentrics) downstream of the first light source and upstream of the first generator of optical delays and preferably upstream of the first polarizer (or downstream without the collimation means modifying the polarization of the light) and the first objective is telecentric. The first digital sensor (camera) can be linear or matrix. During the analysis of the glazing, the first objective is then able alone to receive the light perpendicular to the axis Y of the conveying. The orientation of the polariscope (s) relative to the ground is not limiting. The polariscope (s) and the photodetector (s) are positioned identically during the calibration and during the quality analysis of the glazing thereafter. In one embodiment, a second polariscope is used, optionally sharing means (for example sharing the first light source and the first circular polarizer). If a second polariscope is chosen, the calibration surfaces (openings) are placed, for example symmetrically in the center of the central line. The polariscopes are preferably aligned: the planes defined by the field of vision and the optical axes are merged. Also in one embodiment, the optical device comprises a second identical polariscope and adjacent to the first polariscope, comprising in a so-called secondary optical alignment along a secondary optical axis parallel to said optical axis (Z) in this order: - a) the first light source, followed by the first circular polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate - 14 or b) a second mono or preferably polychromatic linear light source, with a given spectrum, orthogonal to the secondary optical axis, adjacent to the first light source along the length of the first source and followed by a second circular polarizer and a second quarter wave blade and - a second analyzer which is a circular polarizer in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction, orthogonal to the secondary optical axis, first analyzer comprising a second quarter-wave plate followed by a second linear polarizer It comprises downstream of the second analyzer and following said secondary optical alignment - a second photodetector orthogonal to the secondary optical axis, comprising a second digital sensor and a second objective defining a so-called secondary focal plane, opposite the second analyzer, between the second analyzer and the first or second polarizer, a second generator of optical delays. -and the first unit or a second processing unit However, alternatively, if the calibration is carried out successively, ie the first sensor and then the second sensor, the first delay generator may alone suffice, by moving the first generator from the first calibration zone to the second calibration zone. Preferably, the beams of the first and second linear light sources intersect on a central portion of at most 100mm (in the plane of the glazing. Preferably the focal planes overlap over a central portion of at most half the width of the desired field of view. All the focal planes thus define the total field of view. You can multiply the polariscopes in order to increase the total field of view or to increase the resolution of the images to obtain. The subject of the invention is then an (optical) device for analyzing the quality of glazing, in particular toughened or semi-toughened (hardened) glazing, possibly curved, glazing (clear, extra-clear, tinted, etc.) possibly with a surface coating and / or a surface texturing keeping the transparency (in particular a non-zero light transmission) and such that the changes in the polarizations of the light when passing through the medium are only due to the mechanical stresses of this same medium. - 15 This quality analysis device according to the invention comprises (reuse) said first polariscope, all of the first photodetectors and the calibration base of the optical device defined above (preferably without having to add first photodetectors to those already present outside the calibration area). The first optical delay generator is therefore removed and the glazing is analyzed, either static or preferably mobile, scrolling in translation for example on a conveyor as already described. The glazing is between the first polarizer and the first analyzer, the optical axis is perpendicular to the plane tangent to the surface of the glazing in the portion of surface illuminated, preferably perpendicular to the axis of conveying the glazing by a conveyor (rollers ). Each first photodetector of said set is capable of receiving light energy from the light beam leaving the first analyzer, the first digital sensor then generating so-called quality analysis digital images, each quality analysis digital image being formed by a or of pixels with said reference channel or channels Ck representative of the spectral response of the first photodetectors. The analysis device also comprises a processing unit for all the digital quality analysis images of the first sensor (and of the optional second sensor, etc.) facing said portion of illuminated surface, forming a map of the optical delays. opposite said portion of surface illuminated by means of the calibration base already described (containing for each optical delay in the range AB digital values Ik for each of the reference channels Ck). Indeed, the calibration gives the correspondence Ik - optical delay (in nm), for each reference channel Ck of each pixel corresponding to an area element of the surface portion analyzed, we come to read in the calibration table, the optical delay corresponding to each area element. In addition, RGB channels (already used for calibration) are preferred as reference channels. The measurement is objective and gives quantitative information on the glazing being measured. The processing unit (a computer) controls for the analysis of the glazing: all of the acquisition, analysis of the data from the sensor (s), recording of the results file, management of a database , the display of a man-machine interface ... - To qualify the glazing, from the cartography, one can choose to calculate parameters (on one line or several lines in the cartography, depending on the size of the reference risk zone, ie nozzle zone, etc.), in particular : - an average of optical delays - the standard deviation, - the quantile or quantiles - the distribution value for an adapted optical delay. From the mapping of optical delays (value of optical delay at any point) we are interested in determining one or more metrics preferably based on a statistical or mathematical analysis: - global metrics: mean and standard deviation, quantile, distribution for a given optical delay value (for the latter we consider 50nm as being a relevant threshold value) -and / or local metrics: accounting for the spatial distribution of the defects, in particular restoring a strong local variation in optical delay for which the human eye will be sensitive (a glass with a strong but homogeneous optical delay is not necessarily perceived as defective, otherwise with regard to other glasses). The characteristic defects observed for the quenching flower are: - case 1) long wavelength (scale greater than 10cm): heating marks characterized - case 2) medium wavelength (10cm scale, but depends on the geometrical characteristics of the quenching box): marks due to the blowing nozzles - case 3) short wavelength (scale less than 10cm): other marks for example made in the cooling zone. - case 4) edge marks or around the holes (scale <10cm): these zones can be excluded because the optical delays are systematically very high and generally masked on the final glazing which will be mounted in a frame. The greater the defect, the more the metric will be global and vice versa. For case 1) we are preferably interested in a global metric, for cases 2) and 3) or even 4), the local metric better accounts for the spatial distribution of the defects. Then we can compare the metrics to a reference. Measuring each glass in a row allows you to build a database. The use of this database provides access to a lot of information on production since 100% of the glasses are controllable. - 17 The orientation of the glazing on the conveyor is not limiting. More generally, the orientation of the glazing with respect to the direction (length) of the light strip is not limiting. The surface portion illuminated by the beam at an instant t can be a light strip (preferably rectangular) which is not necessarily parallel to a glazing edge (which can be of any shape: with rectangular corners, square, quadrilateral, triangular, round, etc.). We may wish to analyze the entire surface portion by portion (excluding the thinnest possible areas between two acquisitions). For example, in the case of glazing used in double or triple glazing, for example for a building facade (of a building), the edges masked by the spacers and the sealing means are at most 3 width at 20mm, it is not necessary to inspect these edges, the anisotropies are strong at the edge of the glazing. Considering that they are generally hidden by the frame after installation, it does not always appear necessary to treat them in the same way as the clear view of the glazing. However, certain glazings are installed such that the visible glazed surface is maximum. In practice, in order to analyze the (almost) whole of the glazing, it is advantageous to scan the glazing by a beam of linear shape and with one or more sensors forming a line of pixels. To cover all of the glazing, a movement of the glazing relative to the analysis device (static) is then arranged. For this purpose the glazing is mobile, advantageously arranged on a mobile means animated by a uniform movement in translation. Preferably it is a (horizontal) conveyor as already described. It can be a cart (as long as the speed is controlled). Analogously to the aforementioned optical device, in a preferred embodiment: - the vertical optical axis is Z - or with an angle relative to the vertical -, the first polariscope, the first digital sensor are on an (industrial) heating and quenching line, downstream of the quenching system (in the cooling zone), the line comprising a (horizontal) glazing conveyor along a conveying axis Y, the vertical optical axis Z is preferably perpendicular to the axis Y, and optionally the industrial line is for heating, bending and quenching, the first polariscope, the first digital sensor is downstream of the bending system, - in particular the first light source, preferably alone or with a second adjacent light source is capable of illuminating all or part of the length of the conveyor perpendicular to the axis Y of the conveyor - the first digital sensor is (a camera) linear with the first photodetectors in line, in particular the first digital sensor alone or with a second linear digital sensor (and its objective) adjacent to form a line of photodetectors, in particular over the entire length of the conveyor perpendicular to the Y axis of the conveyor and in particular in dialogue with the processing unit, with the first digital sensor (and the possible second digital sensor, and therefore of each sensor), and even with the first light source: - Preferably a glazing presence detector upstream of the first light source, for example at most 1m from the first light source, in order to trigger the first acquisition at a time t 0 following, and possibly to indicate the end of the passage of said glazing (or of several glazings of a batch (or batch)) in order to define the last acquisition at a time t d following or with a counter ('timer' in English) knowing the maximum length of a batch ( or batch) (from the oven), - preferably an indicator of the instantaneous speed V of the 2 rollers framing the first light source, - Acquisition management means managing the triggering of the first acquisition, the acquisition time T aq and the dead time t m between each acquisition (for data storage) and the stopping of acquisitions. And preferably: - a generator of the delay mapping (calculator) from the images from the polariscope, - a metric calculator from the delay maps, - a comparison of metrics to a reference A constant running speed V of the glazing ensures stable resolution over the entire surface analysis. V speed of the conveyor can be different from V ’speed of glazing if sliding. If V = V ’, which is assumed, and a rotary encoder allows speed tracking, to ensure constant resolution. The first light source produces a homogeneous beam over the portion of surface analyzed. During an acquisition, a pixel corresponds to the integrated information of a surface element of the glass. For example, we define a square pixel of width W along the analysis length, parallel to the two rollers. - 19 During an acquisition of duration T A q, each photodetector of the line is capable of receiving light having passed through the glazing, a beam having illuminated a surface element of the glazing defined by a width L A q in the conveying axis. L aq is equal to the acquisition time T AQ by the instantaneous conveying speed V of the rollers bordering the first light source. In addition, there is a dead time t m - to collect the data - in which the pixels are not "functional". For example t m is at most 100 ms. We preferably arrange for L AQ + Vt m = W If during the acquisition period a photodetector receives a beam directly from the first light source (without crossing an area of the glazing), the light intensity is not modified by the anisotropy differences, so the pixel delivers information identifiable (black pixel = no accumulated delay). The acquisition sequence (loop) is for example the following: -reception of the N pulse from the rotary encoder of the conveyor which triggers the acquisition sequence -exposure time T AQ set in software consisting of an electronic pulse sent by the processing unit- the first sensor integrates the signal (ie all the light energies received during this time T AQ ) “dead” time corresponding at least to the time necessary for reading the pixels for processing, - the N + 1 encoder pulse arriving after the sum of the acquisition times and dead time. The distance between the first light source and the glazing can be at least 10cm, in particular 300mm, just as the distance between the first light source and the opening can be at least 10cm, in particular 300mm. The distance between the glazing and the objective can be at least 1m in particular 2m just as the distance between the opening and the objective can be at least 1m in particular 2m. The glazing and the first generator (preferably Babinet) can be successively at the same distance from the first light source (and from the polarizer and the analyzer). The presence detector is for example a sensor arranged at one end of the conveyor facing the edge of the glasses which are conveyed. The rotary encoder is for example arranged at one end of a roller of the conveyor The optical quality analysis device preferably comprises the second polariscope (the first and second optical delay generators on the mounting support or supports are replaced by said glazing. -20In another realization: the glazing is preferably static, horizontal or vertical, - the first sensor is matrix (which includes the first matrix photodetectors. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a glazing unit comprising successively the formation of the glazing unit, heating, quenching or quenching bending using the quality analysis device for the glazing unit as already described. In particular, it may include an alert leading to the cessation of manufacturing and / or heating and / or the line, and / or to feedback on the parameters of the heating and / or quenching device. Finally, the invention relates to a method for calibrating the first digital sensor and the first polariscope by introducing an optical delay varying in a range AB preferably automatically in the first polariscope, calibration from the first calibrated optical delay generator preferably automated For flat glazing, the beam of the light source (of each diode) is perpendicular to the plane of the main stresses of the glazing analyzed. For curved glazing, the measurement is always valid if we move away from the optical axis, preferably enough cameras are required to maintain good observation conditions or use a camera on a robotic arm. Preferably: - the glazing has a TL light transmission of at least 5% - we consider a uniform absorption A on the visible spectrum. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view, in the X, Z plane of an optical device 1000 according to the invention forming part of an industrial quenching line with a horizontal conveyor. FIG. 1a is a schematic view from above (in the horizontal plane X, Y) showing the conveyor with a mounting support and the two openings of two Babinet Soleil motorized compensators used in the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. Figure 1b is a schematic top view (in the horizontal plane X, Y) of a motorized Babinet compensator on a mounting bracket used in the optical device 1000 of Figure 1 FIG. 1c is a schematic perspective view of the two conveyor rollers and the light source, and of the circular polarizer in the inter-roller space, used in the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. FIG. 1d is a schematic perspective view showing the first circular analyzer, the first objective, the first linear camera and a mounting profile, used in the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. FIG. 1e is a schematic sectional view, in the plane Y, Z, of the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. Figure 1f shows three graphs of the Ik values as a function of the optical delay for the three RGB channels (for a given representative pixel of a photodetector in the aperture or averaged over several pixels of photodetectors in the aperture). Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view, in the Y, Z plane of an optical quality analysis device 2000 of a glazing according to the invention using the same devices as in Figure 1 except the Babinet compensator and its ordered. Figure 2 'is a schematic top view of the conveyor, of the glazing to be inspected shown in Figure 2. Figure 2a is a schematic detail view of the conveyor. Figure 2b explains and acquisition from the scanning surface Figures 2c and 2d are graphs showing the acquisition sequence and the dead time sequence for collecting acquisition data. Figure 3a is a schematic sectional view, in the plane X, Z of an optical device 1001 according to the invention forming part of an industrial quenching line in a second embodiment Figure 3b is a schematic sectional view, in the plane X, Z of a quality analysis device of a glazing 2001 according to the invention using the same devices as in Figure 3a except the Babinet compensator and its control . FIG. 4a is a schematic sectional view, in the plane Y, Z, of an optical device 1002 according to the invention in a third embodiment. FIG. 4b is a schematic side view in the Y, Z plane of an optical device for analyzing the quality of a glazing unit 2002 according to the invention using the same devices as in FIG. 4a except the Babinet compensator and its control . Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view, in the X, Z plane of an optical device 1000 according to the invention forming part of an industrial quenching line with a horizontal conveyor. The optical device 1000 comprises a first vertical polariscope comprising in this order (from bottom to top), following an optical alignment with a vertical optical axis Z: a first white light source 1, here a bar of diodes called LEDs or LEDs, delivering a light beam here without means of collimations -whose light is emitted so in the direction given by the optical axis-, or as a variant one or more organic light-emitting diode (s) (called OLED), light bar orthogonal to the optical axis, producing with or without a homogeneous light - A first circular polarizer 2 (or quasi-circular) in a first direction of rotation - left or right -, in particular comprising a first linear polarizer and a first quarter-wave plate, against or glued to the light bar 1 - a first analyzer 2 'which is a circular (or quasi-circular) polarizer in a second direction of rotation of the polarization opposite to the first direction of rotation respectively or right or left -, in particular first analyzer comprising a second quarter-wave plate followed a second linear polarizer. The optical device 1000 further comprises downstream of the first analyzer and along said optical alignment: - a first digital sensor 6, orthogonal to the optical axis, which is here a linear digital camera with a row of first photodetectors - A first objective 5 orthogonal to the optical axis and defining a focal plane, facing the first digital sensor and between the first analyzer 2 and the first digital sensor, in particular fixed to or against the first digital sensor. And the optical device according to the invention comprises between the first polarizer and the first analyzer, and according to said optical alignment, a first calibrated optical delay generator 3, orthogonal to the optical axis, here a Babinet (Sun) compensator, in a range AB between Onm and 800nm and the first optical delay generator is in said focal plane. The first digital sensor 6 therefore comprises a set of first sensitive online photodetectors in the spectrum of the first light source 1, having a given spectral response. First so-called calibration photodetectors are opposite (of the opening 31 of the first optical delay generator. Preferably, the optical device also comprises, between the first optical delay generator and the first linear sensor, upstream of the first analyzer, an optical delay plate calibrated with a delay ΑΌ chosen in the area or the relation value Ik depending optical delay is substantially linear for at least one of the reference channels, in particular from 70 or 75 to 175 nm or 185 nm or from 350 or 375 nm to 425nm. -23 In this way a glazing having little anisotropy can be measured with more precision because the small variations of delay will involve a linear variation of the Ik rather than quadratic. The Babinet Soleil 3 compensator comprises first and second wedge blades, made of birefringent material, the second blade being movable in translation relative to the first static blade, in particular the compensator being defined by an opening 31, centered on the optical axis. , the aperture is fully illuminated by the first light source 1, the aperture being in said focal plane, one or more first photodetectors of calibration being opposite the aperture The change in optical delay is automated, in particular controlled by computer. The Babinet Soleil compensator, motorized and in particular controlled by a computer, is capable of automatically incrementing the optical delays in the range AB, in particular with an incrementation step PO of at most 0.5nm and even at most 0, 3nm, in particular between 15 and 25mm and even 0 and 25mm. The opening 31 of the compensator is circular, of diameter 01 at most 30mm, the center of the opening is inscribed in a central disc of diameter 01/2, the first calibration photodetector (s) used entirely opposite said disc central. Each first calibration photodetector receives successively for each of said optical delays in said range AB light energy from the light beam leaving the first analyzer 2 ’. The first digital sensor then generates so-called digital calibration images for said optical delays in said range AB, each digital calibration image being formed of one or more pixels with one or more reference channels Ck representative of the spectral response of the one or more first calibration photodetectors. The reference channels Ck are three red, green, blue channels called RGB channels. The first polariscope, the first digital sensor and the first optical delay generator are mounted on a heating and quenching line, downstream of the quenching system, at a standstill, the line comprising a horizontal glazing conveyor along a Y axis conveying, possibly the line is bending quenching. Figure 1a is a schematic top view (in the horizontal plane X, Y) showing the conveyor with a mounting bracket and the two openings of two Babinet Soleil motorized compensators used in the optical device 1000 of Figure 1. Figure 1c is a schematic perspective view of the two conveyor rollers and the light source, and of the circular polarizer in the inter-roller space, used in the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. FIG. 1e is a schematic view of section, in the plane Y, Z, of the optical device 1000 of FIG. 1. The conveyor (cf. FIGS. 1a, 1c in particular) comprises two rollers 81, 82 spaced apart by an inter-roller space, the first light source 1 on a source support 10 spaced from the ground is under the conveying zone, is under the two rollers opposite the inter-roller space. The first digital sensor is linear and spaced and above the two rollers. The first digital sensor can be attached to a metal gate 70, in particular on either side of the conveyor. The first optical delay generator is fixed on a mounting support 7 on the two rollers, mounting support with a hole 71 opposite the opening 71. The lateral surfaces of the light strip can be masked (by opaque strips 20 for example), only the central surface against the (central) part of the first polarizer 21 illuminating the compensator 3. The optical device 1000 finally comprises a first processing unit (a computer) of the digital calibration images forming a calibration base containing for each optical delay in the range AB digital values Ik for each of the reference channels Ck, digital values Ik being representative of the light energies collected by the first calibration photodetectors. The length of the rollers is for example 3 to 4m. Here we use a second polariscope using the light bar 1, the polarizer 2, the mounting support 7 (with another hole 71) a second calibrated static delay plate 4, a second analyzer 2 ', a second linear camera 6 and a second compensator 3 with its opening 31. Figure 1b is a schematic top view (in the horizontal plane X, Y) of the motorized Babinet compensator on the mounting support 7 with its hole 71 wider than the opening 31. The engine control 32 (on the support also) is connected by a wiring 33 to the compensator 3 and acts on a micrometric screw for example. Figure 1d is a schematic perspective view showing a static delay lae 4 (in a filter holder for example), the first lens 5, the first linear camera 6 and a mounting profile 101, a plate 102 with a positioning screw 103 from camera 6. FIG. 1f shows three graphs 15, 16, 17 of the values Ik as a function of the optical delay δ (nm) for the three RGB channels averaged over several pixels ‘of the photodetectors in the aperture). Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view, in the Y, Z plane of an optical device for quality analysis 2000 of a glazing unit using the same devices as in Figure 1 except the Babinet compensator and its control. The glazing 100 scrolls along the Y axis and is swept by the light bar 1. FIG. 2 ’is a schematic top view of the conveyor in the plane X, Y, of the glazing to be inspected 100 shown in FIG. 2. Figure 2a is a schematic detail view of the conveyor 8 with its rollers 81, 82 (and the fixing gate 70). A presence detector 84 of the glazing (not visible) is used to trigger the acquisition. And preferably a rotary encoder 83 is used which will provide information on the instantaneous speed V. Figure 2b explains and acquisition from the scanning surface The first light source produces a homogeneous beam over the portion of surface analyzed. During an acquisition, a pixel corresponds to the integrated information of a surface element of the glass. For example, a square pixel 91 of width W is defined along the analysis length, parallel to the two rollers. During an acquisition of duration T A q, each photodetector of the line is capable of receiving light having passed through the glazing 100 traveling along Y, beam having illuminated a surface element of the glazing defined by a width L in the conveying axis . L is equal to the acquisition time T A q by the instantaneous conveying speed V of the rollers bordering the first light source. In addition, there is a dead time t m - to collect the data - in which the pixels are not "functional". For example t m is at most 100 ms. It is preferably arranged so that L + Vt m = W. If during the acquisition period a photodetector receives a beam directly from the first light source (without crossing an area of the glazing), the light intensity is not modified by the anisotropy differences, so the pixel delivers information identifiable (black pixel = no accumulated delay). The acquisition sequence (loop) is for example the following: -reception of the N pulse from the rotary encoder of the conveyor which triggers the acquisition sequence -exposure time T AQ set in software consisting of an electronic pulse sent by the processing unit- the first sensor 6 integrates the signal (ie all the light energies received during this time T AQ ) “dead” time corresponding at least to the time necessary for reading the pixels for processing, - the N + 1 encoder pulse arriving after the sum of the acquisition times and dead time. -26 Figures 2c and 2d are graphs showing for 2c the pulses 18 to initiate acquisitions and for Figure 2d the acquisition sequence with dead times for collecting acquisition data. FIG. 3a is a schematic sectional view, in the X, Z plane of an optical device 1001 according to the invention forming part of an industrial quenching line in a second embodiment. It differs from the first device 1000 especially in that the beam 13 is collimated (the bar of LEDs T is collimated) and the first objective 6 ’is telecentric. We can then use a single polariscope and a single compensator 3. FIG. 3b is a schematic sectional view, in the plane X, Z of a quality analysis device 2001 of a glazing unit 100 according to the invention using the same devices as in FIG. 3a except the Babinet compensator and its ordered. FIG. 4a is a schematic sectional view, in the plane Y, Z, of an optical device 1002 according to the invention in a third embodiment. It differs from the first device 1000 especially in that the optical axis Y is horizontal so the elements 1,2,4,2 ', 5,6 are on supports 70, 70' vertical planes and the compensator 3 on uprights by lateral examples 71,72. FIG. 4b is a schematic side view in the Y, Z plane of an optical device 2002 for analyzing the quality of a glazing unit 1000 using the same devices as in FIG. 4a except the Babinet compensator and its control. The glazing is on uprights, for example lateral 73.
权利要求:
Claims (22) [1" id="c-fr-0001] 1. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) characterized in that it comprises a first polariscope comprising in this order, following an optical alignment along an optical axis (Z): a first light source (1), preferably polychromatic, with a given spectrum, orthogonal to the optical axis, delivering a light beam, - a first circular polarizer (2) in a first direction of rotation of the polarization, orthogonal to the optical axis, comprising a first linear polarizer followed by a first quarter-wave plate - a first analyzer (2) which is a circular polarizer in a second direction of rotation of the polarization opposite to the first direction of rotation, orthogonal to the optical axis, first analyzer comprising a second quarter-wave plate followed by a second linear polarizer and in that the optical device comprises, downstream of the first analyzer and along said optical alignment, a first digital sensor (6, 6 ') orthogonal to the optical axis, and a first objective (5, 5') orthogonal to the optical axis and defining a focal plane, first objective which is opposite the first digital sensor, between the first analyzer and the first digital sensor, in that the optical device comprises between and following the first polarizer and the first analyzer optical alignment, a first optical delay generator (3), calibrated, orthogonal to the optical axis, in a range AB with the value A preferably in a range going from Onm to 100 nm, and the difference BA preferably being at least 100 nm, the first generator of optical delays being in said focal plane in that the first digital sensor comprises a set of first photodetectors (6, 6 ′) sensitive in the spectrum of the first light source, having a given spectral response, one or more so-called calibration photodetectors being opposite the first optical delay generator, each first calibration photodetector successively receiving for each of said optical delays in said range AB of the light energy from the light beam leaving the first analyzer, the first digital sensor then generating so-called digital calibration images for said optical delays in said range AB, each digital calibration image being formed of one or more pixels with one or more channels of reference Ck representative of the spectral response of the first photodetector (s) e calibration. And in that the optical device further comprising a first digital processing unit for all of the digital calibration images, first processing unit forming a calibration base containing for each optical delay in the range AB digital values Ik for each of the reference channels Ck, Ik being representative of the light energies collected by the first calibration photodetector (s). [2" id="c-fr-0002] 2. Optical device (1000, 1001,1002) according to claim 1 characterized in that the first calibrated optical delay generator comprises an optical system made of birefringent material, chosen from: - a set of flat blades with calibrated static optical delays, the blades being interchangeable, each blade being successively inserted into the optical device, or a system (3), such as the compensator notably from Babinet Soleil, comprising first and second blades in corner, made of birefringent material, the second blade being movable in translation relative to the first static blade, in particular the compensator being defined by an opening (31), centered on the optical axis, the opening is entirely illuminated by the first source of light, the opening being in said focal plane, one or more first photodetectors for calibration being opposite the opening. [3" id="c-fr-0003] 3. Optical device (1000, 1001,1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the change in optical delay is automated, in particular controlled by computer, in particular the first generator of optical delays (3) being a compensator, such as the Babinet Soleil compensator, motorized and in particular controlled by a computer, is capable of automatically incrementing the optical delays in the range AB, in particular with an incrementation step PO of at most 0.5nm and even at most 0, 3nm, in particular between 15 and 25mm and even 0 and 25mm or in that the change of plane blade with static optical delay is automated, for example with an automated system of turntable or mobile in translation. [4" id="c-fr-0004] 4. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) according to one of claims 2 or 3 characterized in that the opening (31) of the compensator is circular, of diameter 01 or the opening of the compensator is of equivalent diameter O1 of diameter or equivalent diameter of at most 30mm, the center of the opening is inscribed in a central disc of diameter 01/2, the first calibration photodetector (s) are entirely opposite said central disc of diameter or equivalent diameter at most 25mm and even at most 10mm and better at least 5mm. [5" id="c-fr-0005] 5. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reference channels Ck comprise, or even are, three red, green, blue channels known as RGB channels. [6" id="c-fr-0006] 6. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first optical delay generator comprises an input surface (31) illuminated by the light beam defining a diameter calibration surface or equivalent diameter of at most 30mm and preferably in a range of 5mm to 25mm. [7" id="c-fr-0007] 7. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical axis is vertical (Z), the first polariscope, the first digital sensor (6), the objective (5) and the first optical delay generator are on a heating and quenching line, downstream of the quenching system, without glazing running through the calibration zone and better at a standstill, the line comprising a conveyor, preferably horizontal, glazing along an axis Y of conveying, and optionally the line is hardening bending, the first polariscope, the first digital sensor the objective (5) and the first optical delay generator are downstream of the bending system. [8" id="c-fr-0008] 8. Optical device (1000, 1001) according to the preceding claim characterized in that the conveyor (8) comprises two rollers spaced by an inter-roller space, the first light source is under the conveying zone, is between the two rollers and / or under the two rollers, possibly the first light source on a source support spaced from the ground, and the first digital sensor is linear and spaced and above the two rollers. [9" id="c-fr-0009] 9. Optical device (1000, 1001) according to one of claims 7 to 8 characterized in that the conveyor comprises two rollers spaced by an inter-roller space, the first generator of optical delays is fixed on a mounting support (7 ) on the two rollers, mounting support with a hole opposite the calibration surface of the first optical delay generator which is the input surface illuminated by the light beam. [10" id="c-fr-0010] 10. Optical device (1000, 1001) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first digital sensor (6) is linear. [11" id="c-fr-0011] 11. Optical device (1000, 1001, 1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first light source, in particular inorganic light-emitting diodes (1) or one or more organic light-emitting diodes, forms a linear light strip and in particular the lateral surfaces of the light strip are masked, the central surface illuminating the first generator with optical delays. [12" id="c-fr-0012] 12. Optical device (1002) according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the first digital sensor is matrix, the first photodetectors being in matrix. [13" id="c-fr-0013] 13. Optical device (1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises first collimation means downstream of the first light source (1 ') and upstream of the first generator of optical delays and even of preferably upstream of the first polarizer (2) and in that the first objective (5 ') is telecentric. [14" id="c-fr-0014] 14. Optical device 1000, 1002) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, between the first optical delay generator and the first linear sensor, upstream of the first analyzer, a calibrated optical delay plate (4) with a delay ΑΌ chosen in the zone where the relation value Ik as a function of the optical delay is substantially linear for at least one of the reference channels Ck. [15" id="c-fr-0015] 15. Optical device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first light source is controlled by computer and / or the first photodetectors are controlled by computer. [16" id="c-fr-0016] 16. Quality analysis device (2001, 2002, 2003) of a glazing unit, device comprising said first polariscope (1,2, 2 ') and the first digital sensor (6, 6') and the first objective (5, 5 ') and said calibration base of the optical device defined according to one of the preceding claims, and in that the glazing (100) being between the first polarizer (2) and the first analyzer (2'), the optical axis is perpendicular to the plane tangent to the surface of the glazing in the illuminated surface portion, characterized in that each first photodetector of said assembly being capable of receiving light energy in the spectrum of the first light source coming from the light beam leaving the first analyzer, the first digital sensor then generating so-called quality analysis digital images, each quality analysis digital image being formed of one or more pixels with the one or more representative reference channels Ck of the spectral response of the first photodetectors and in that it further comprises a digital processing unit for all of the digital quality analysis images, and of the second digital sensor, if any, opposite said illuminated surface portion, forming a mapping of the optical delays with respect to said illuminated surface portion by means of the calibration base. [17" id="c-fr-0017] 17. Quality analysis device for a glazing unit according to the preceding claim, an analysis device characterized in that it comprises a calculator which, from the mapping, determines one or more metrics preferably based on a statistical analysis or mathematical. [18" id="c-fr-0018] 18. Device for analyzing the quality of a glazing according to one of the preceding claims, for an analysis device characterized in that the optical axis is preferably vertical (Z), the first polariscope, the first digital sensor are on a line heating and quenching, downstream of the quenching system, the line comprising a conveyor, preferably horizontal, glazing along a conveying axis Y, and optionally the industrial line is heating, bending and quenching, the first polariscope , the first digital sensor are downstream of the bending system, in that the first digital sensor is linear, the first photodetectors being online. [19" id="c-fr-0019] 19. Device for analyzing the quality of a glazing according to the preceding claim, an analyzing device characterized in that it comprises a detector for the presence of the glazing upstream of the first light source, in particular in order to trigger the first acquisition at an instant t 0 and / or preferably an indicator of the instantaneous speed V of the two rollers framing the first light source. [20" id="c-fr-0020] 20. Quality analysis device (2003) of a glazing unit according to one of claims 16 to 17, an analysis device characterized in that the glazing unit is preferably static, horizontal or vertical, and in that the first sensor digital is matrix, the first photodetectors being in a matrix. [21" id="c-fr-0021] 21. A method of manufacturing a glazing unit comprising successively the formation of the glazing unit, heating, quenching or quenching bending followed by a quality analysis of the glazing unit (100) using the analysis device according to any one of claims 16 at 20. [22" id="c-fr-0022] 22. A method of manufacturing a glazing unit according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the quality analysis of the glazing unit results in an alert or an end to the production and / or the heating and / or the line, and / or to feedback on the parameters of the heating and / or quenching device
类似技术:
公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题 FR3067111B1|2019-08-30|OPTICAL DEVICES FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLAZING. EP2553439B1|2019-08-14|Method and device for the analysis of the optical quality of a transparent substrate US8957374B2|2015-02-17|Systems and methods for measuring birefringence in glass and glass-ceramics CA1312377C|1993-01-05|Process for optical quality determination of flat glass or flat glass articles US7428049B2|2008-09-23|Apparatus and method for inspecting film defect EP2917688B1|2016-08-24|Method for measuring thickness variations in a layer of a multilayer semiconductor structure JP6516691B2|2019-05-22|Compact spectrometer EP0484237B1|1994-09-14|Process and apparatus for measuring the optical quality of a glass sheet RU2438116C2|2011-12-27|Installation for manufacture of sheet glass with equipment for measurement of stresses and procedure for control of device for glass drawing and hardening CA2008508A1|1990-07-26|Control device for high speed objects FR2868156A1|2005-09-30|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF STRUCTURE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE DAMAGE BY THE SHADOW MOIRE PRINCIPLE KR20080027721A|2008-03-28|Optical anisotropy parameter measurement apparatus FR2884317A1|2006-10-13|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SUPPRESSING PARASITE REFLECTIONS DURING HOT INSPECTION OF TRANSLUCENT OR TRANSPARENT HOLLOW OBJECTS FR2824902A1|2002-11-22|METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR THE NON-CONTACT DETERMINATION OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS FR2563337A1|1985-10-25|MEASURING THE CONSTRAINTS IN THE FLOAT GLASS US20110096339A1|2011-04-28|Optical Metrology On Textured Samples WO2012035257A1|2012-03-22|Device and method for measuring the shape of a mirror or of a specular surface WO2011157815A1|2011-12-22|Analysis of quench marks CN102165281B|2013-08-14|Apparatus and method for inspecting thin film FR2755240A1|1998-04-30|PROCESS FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF A FLAT GLASS SHEET CH626992A5|1981-12-15| FR3032036A1|2016-07-29|METHODS AND DEVICES FOR DETECTING SURFACE CONTAMINATION BY FREE-AIR EVOLVING PARTICLES EP0756152B1|2000-03-22|Method and device for detecting the state of the surface of parts with a reflecting surface, applicable for controlling the roughness of polished parts JP4728830B2|2011-07-20|Optical anisotropy parameter measuring method and measuring apparatus EP3926416A1|2021-12-22|Device for measuring a timepiece component
同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 RU2019143417A3|2021-11-26| WO2018220328A1|2018-12-06| RU2019143417A|2021-07-01| US20200088651A1|2020-03-19| FR3067111B1|2019-08-30| KR20200012915A|2020-02-05| CN109564156A|2019-04-02| EP3631419A1|2020-04-08|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 WO1997042491A1|1996-05-09|1997-11-13|Ifunga Test Equipment B.V.|Device and method for measuring birefringence in an optical data carrier| WO2003040671A1|2001-10-16|2003-05-15|Hinds Instruments, Inc|Accuracy calibration of birefringence measurement systems| US8264675B1|2011-05-12|2012-09-11|Georgia Tech Research Corporation|Polariscope stress measurement tool and method of use| EP3088573A1|2013-12-28|2016-11-02|SUMCO Corporation|Quartz glass crucible and strain measurement device therefor|EP3722265A1|2019-04-11|2020-10-14|Saint-Gobain Glass France|Method for assessing the sensitivity of a glass panel to forming quench marks|EP2409134B1|2009-03-19|2019-05-08|Koninklijke Philips N.V.|Detector for birefringent objects| BE1019378A3|2010-06-17|2012-06-05|Agc Glass Europe|ANALYSIS OF DRYING BRANDS.| CN102053050B|2010-12-07|2013-03-06|上海理工大学|Granularity centering measuring method utilizing CCD or CMOS as photoelectric detector|FR3077386B1|2018-01-31|2020-02-21|Saint-Gobain Glass France|SIMULATION OF THE TEMPERING FLOWER OF A GLASS ASSEMBLY| US20200049619A1|2018-08-08|2020-02-13|GM Global Technology Operations LLC|Polarized light filter vision system to detect level of temper in glass| FR3096462A1|2019-05-24|2020-11-27|Saint-Gobain Glass France|method for evaluating the visual quality of a glazing consisting of a thermally reinforced sheet of glass or comprising at least one such sheet of glass|
法律状态:
2018-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 | 2018-12-07| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20181207 | 2019-05-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 | 2020-05-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 | 2021-05-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
优先权:
[返回顶部]
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR1754799|2017-05-31| FR1754799A|FR3067111B1|2017-05-31|2017-05-31|OPTICAL DEVICES FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLAZING.|FR1754799A| FR3067111B1|2017-05-31|2017-05-31|OPTICAL DEVICES FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF GLAZING.| PCT/FR2018/051250| WO2018220328A1|2017-05-31|2018-05-31|Calibration of optical devices for analysis of glazing quality and related methods| KR1020197038143A| KR20200012915A|2017-05-31|2018-05-31|Calibration and Related Methods of Optical Devices for Analysis of Glazing Quality| RU2019143417A| RU2019143417A3|2017-05-31|2018-05-31| EP18730028.0A| EP3631419A1|2017-05-31|2018-05-31|Calibration of optical devices for analysis of glazing quality and related methods| CN201880001610.XA| CN109564156A|2017-05-31|2018-05-31|For analyzing the calibration of Optical devices and associated method of glassing quality| US16/618,559| US20200088651A1|2017-05-31|2018-05-31|Optical devices for calibrating, and for analyzing the quality of a glazing, and methods| 相关专利
Sulfonates, polymers, resist compositions and patterning process
Washing machine
Washing machine
Device for fixture finishing and tension adjusting of membrane
Structure for Equipping Band in a Plane Cathode Ray Tube
Process for preparation of 7 alpha-carboxyl 9, 11-epoxy steroids and intermediates useful therein an
国家/地区
|